Nursing Tips (659)

Crib safety: Place infants on BACK to sleep. Do not place anything in the crib with the baby. Ensure crib slats are ≤ 2 3/8 inches apart. Babies who sleep on their backs are much less likely to die of SIDS than babies who sleep on their stomachs or sides!

Crib Safety

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Crib safety: Infants on back to sleep, nothing in crib, and width of crib slats

Crib Safety

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Crib safety: Infants on back to sleep, nothing in crib, and width of crib slats

Antitussives ABCD Tip: ABCD = Antitussives include Benzonatate, Codeine, Dextromethorphan.

Antitussives ABCD Tip

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

ABCD = Antitussives include Benzonatate, Codeine, Dextromethorphan.

Antitussives ABCD Tip

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

ABCD = Antitussives include Benzonatate, Codeine, Dextromethorphan.

Smallpox Signs/Symptoms include RASH that begins on the FACE and spreads down, High fever, Headache, Vomiting

Smallpox Symptoms

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Smallpox: Symptoms include a RASH that begins on the FACE and spreads down, high fever, headache, vomiting.

Smallpox Symptoms

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Smallpox: Symptoms include a RASH that begins on the FACE and spreads down, high fever, headache, vomiting.

Chest physiotherapy is a key intervention for Cystic Fibrosis! Since it uses percussion, vibration, postural drainage and breathing exercises to loosen respiratory secretions, should be scheduled BEFORE meals or 1-2 hrs after meals to avoid vomiting.

Chest Physiotherapy Treatments

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Chest physiotherapy treatments should be included 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals to avoid vomiting.

Chest Physiotherapy Treatments

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Chest physiotherapy treatments should be included 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals to avoid vomiting.

Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used to treat UTIs. A unique side effect of this medication is "achilles tendon rupture".
HINT: If you take CIPRO, you might SLIP due to your achilles tendon rupturing.

Ciprofloxacin

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used to treat UTIs. A unique side effect of this medication is "achilles tendon rupture". HINT: If you take CIPRO, you might SLIP due to...

1 comment

Ciprofloxacin

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used to treat UTIs. A unique side effect of this medication is "achilles tendon rupture". HINT: If you take CIPRO, you might SLIP due to...

1 comment
An Indirect Coombs test is used to determine if a pregnant patient is Rh-positive or Rh-negative.

Rh-Negative Patients

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

An Indirect Coombs test is used to determine if a pregnant patient is Rh-positive or Rh-negative.

Rh-Negative Patients

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

An Indirect Coombs test is used to determine if a pregnant patient is Rh-positive or Rh-negative.

Calcium channel blockers are Very Nice Drugs: Verapamil, Nifedipine, Diltiazem. Key side effects: hypotension, bradycardia, dysrhythmias, peripheral edema.

Calcium Channel Blockers

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Calcium channel blockers are Very Nice Drugs: Verapamil, Nifedipine, Diltiazem.

Calcium Channel Blockers

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Calcium channel blockers are Very Nice Drugs: Verapamil, Nifedipine, Diltiazem.

Ask your patient directly about hallucinations, including command hallucinations which are when a patient hears a voice instructing them to perform an action.

Patient with hallucinations

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Ask your patient directly about hallucinations, including command hallucinations. Implement 1:1 observation if indicated!

Patient with hallucinations

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Ask your patient directly about hallucinations, including command hallucinations. Implement 1:1 observation if indicated!

Beta 2 adrenergic agonists: Albuterol is SHORT-acting (for acute episodes) and Salmeterol is LONG-acting. HINT: Salmeterol looks like "salmon". Eating salmon can help you lead a LONG life.

Beta 2 Adrenergic Agonists

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Beta 2 adrenergic agonists: Albuterol is SHORT-acting (for acute episodes) and Salmeterol is LONG-acting.

Beta 2 Adrenergic Agonists

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Beta 2 adrenergic agonists: Albuterol is SHORT-acting (for acute episodes) and Salmeterol is LONG-acting.

Injury prevention in the home:  Make sure water heater setting is set to LESS than 120 degrees F to prevent burns.

Water Heater Settings

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Injury prevention in the home: Make sure water heater setting is set to LESS than 120 degrees F to prevent burns.

Water Heater Settings

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Injury prevention in the home: Make sure water heater setting is set to LESS than 120 degrees F to prevent burns.

Antidiuretic hormones (ex: vasopressin and desmopressin) are used to treat Diabetes Insipidus. These medications decrease urine output and increase urine osmolarity. HINT: "Vasopressin and desmopressin will suppress all that urine!"

Antidiuretic Hormones

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Antidiuretic hormones (ex: vasopressin and desmopressin) are used to treat Diabetes Insipidus.

Antidiuretic Hormones

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Antidiuretic hormones (ex: vasopressin and desmopressin) are used to treat Diabetes Insipidus.

Fat soluble vitamins are: Vitamin A, D, E, K.  HINT: "A fat deck of cards".

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Fat-soluble vitamins are: Vitamin A, D, E, K.

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Fat-soluble vitamins are: Vitamin A, D, E, K.

Community Oriented Nursing is focused on health promotion and disease prevention in the community. No direct care for individuals!  Community Based Nursing is focused on illness care for individuals and families.

Community Nursing

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Community Oriented Nursing is focused on health promotion and disease prevention in the community. No direct care for individuals! Community Based Nursing is focused on illness care for individuals and families.

1 comment

Community Nursing

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Community Oriented Nursing is focused on health promotion and disease prevention in the community. No direct care for individuals! Community Based Nursing is focused on illness care for individuals and families.

1 comment
Amphotericin B is only used for life-threatening fungal infections, because the side effects will "terrorize" your body. These side effects include: hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and bone marrow suppression.

Amphotericin B

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Amphotericin B is only used for life-threatening fungal infections, because the side effects will "terrorize" your body. These side effects include: hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and bone marrow suppression.

Amphotericin B

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Amphotericin B is only used for life-threatening fungal infections, because the side effects will "terrorize" your body. These side effects include: hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and bone marrow suppression.

Best practices for patients with DYSPHAGIA: Sit patient in upright position (High-fowler's). Lightly stroke chin/throat to promote swallowing. Teach patient to tuck their chin towards their chest when swallowing. Thicken thin liquids.

Dysphagia Best Practices

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Best practices for patients with DYSPHAGIA

Dysphagia Best Practices

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Best practices for patients with DYSPHAGIA

Best practices for telephone orders: Have second RN listen in on call. Repeat prescription back. Have provider sign prescription within 24 hr.

Telephone Orders

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Best practices for telephone orders

Telephone Orders

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Best practices for telephone orders

Calcium gluconate is used for emergency treatment of hyperkalemia and hypermagnesemia!

Calcium Gluconate

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Calcium gluconate is used for emergency treatment of hyperkalemia and hypermagnesemia!

Calcium Gluconate

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Calcium gluconate is used for emergency treatment of hyperkalemia and hypermagnesemia!

Dementia has slow onset, does NOT alter vital signs, and is irreversible. Delirium has rapid onset, can alter vital signs and level of consciousness, and is reversible.

Dementia vs. delirium

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Dementia vs delirium: Dementia has slow onset, does NOT alter vital signs, and is irreversible. Delirium has rapid onset, can alter vital signs and level of consciousness, and is reversible.

Dementia vs. delirium

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Dementia vs delirium: Dementia has slow onset, does NOT alter vital signs, and is irreversible. Delirium has rapid onset, can alter vital signs and level of consciousness, and is reversible.

Acyclovir and Ganciclovir are antiviral medications. Both medications have a key side effect of nephrotoxicity. Ganciclovir can also cause bone marrow suppression (anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia).

Acyclovir and Ganciclovir

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Acyclovir and Ganciclovir are antiviral medications. Both medications have a key side effect of nephrotoxicity. Ganciclovir can also cause bone marrow suppression (anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia).

Acyclovir and Ganciclovir

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Acyclovir and Ganciclovir are antiviral medications. Both medications have a key side effect of nephrotoxicity. Ganciclovir can also cause bone marrow suppression (anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia).

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels are measured with prenatal bloodwork or with an amniocentesis.  HIGH levels of AFP are associated with neural tube defects. LOW levels of AFP are associated with chromosomal disorders (such as Down Syndrome).

AFP measurement

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

During amniocentesis, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels are measured. HIGH levels of AFP are associated with neural tube defects. LOW levels of AFP are associated with chromosomal disorders (such as Down Syndrome)....

AFP measurement

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

During amniocentesis, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels are measured. HIGH levels of AFP are associated with neural tube defects. LOW levels of AFP are associated with chromosomal disorders (such as Down Syndrome)....

Alendronate is a bisphosphonate used to treat osteoporosis. Key side effect is esophagitis. HINT: "Alen drones on and on about his esophagitis."

Alendronate

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Alendronate is a bisphosphonate used to treat osteoporosis. Key side effect is esophagitis. HINT: "Alen drones on and on about his esophagitis."

Alendronate

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Alendronate is a bisphosphonate used to treat osteoporosis. Key side effect is esophagitis. HINT: "Alen drones on and on about his esophagitis."

Key S&S of bulemia nervosa: normal (or slightly higher) body weight, calluses on knuckles, parotid gland enlargement, tooth erosion.

Bulimia Nervosa

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Key S&S of bulimia nervosa: normal (or slightly higher) body weight, calluses on knuckles, parotid gland enlargement, tooth erosion.

Bulimia Nervosa

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Key S&S of bulimia nervosa: normal (or slightly higher) body weight, calluses on knuckles, parotid gland enlargement, tooth erosion.

Iron supplements can cause dark green/black stools. This is expected and harmless.

Iron supplements and stool

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Iron supplements can cause dark green/black stools. This is expected and harmless.

Iron supplements and stool

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Iron supplements can cause dark green/black stools. This is expected and harmless.

2 key beliefs of preschoolers:  (1) Magical thinking: Thoughts can cause events to occur. (2) Animism: Inanimate objects are alive.

Key Beliefs of Preschoolers

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

2 Key beliefs of preschoolers: (1) Magical thinking: thoughts can cause events to occur, and (2) Animism: inanimate objects are alive.

Key Beliefs of Preschoolers

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

2 Key beliefs of preschoolers: (1) Magical thinking: thoughts can cause events to occur, and (2) Animism: inanimate objects are alive.

POSITIVE symptoms in schizophrenia include the presence of things that are NOT normally present. This includes:  Hallucinations, delusions, paranoia, speech alterations, abnormal body movements

Positive Schizophrenia Symptoms

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

POSITIVE symptoms in schizophrenia include the presence of things that are NOT normally present.

Positive Schizophrenia Symptoms

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

POSITIVE symptoms in schizophrenia include the presence of things that are NOT normally present.

Donepezil is a KEY medication used for Alzheimer's disease. It does NOT cure the disease, but it may improve memory, cognition, and an individual’s ability to perform ADLs.

Donepezil & Alzheimer's

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Donepezil is a KEY medication used for Alzheimer's disease. It does NOT cure the disease, but it may improve memory, cognition, and an individual’s ability to perform ADLs.

Donepezil & Alzheimer's

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Donepezil is a KEY medication used for Alzheimer's disease. It does NOT cure the disease, but it may improve memory, cognition, and an individual’s ability to perform ADLs.

A patient is POSITIVE for orthostatic hypotension if: The SBP decreases more than 20mmHg when changing position AND/OR the DBP decreases more than 10mmHg

Orthostatic Hypotension

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

A patient is POSITIVE for orthostatic hypotension if: The SBP decreases more than 20mmHg when changing position AND/OR the DBP decreases more than 10mmHg

Orthostatic Hypotension

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

A patient is POSITIVE for orthostatic hypotension if: The SBP decreases more than 20mmHg when changing position AND/OR the DBP decreases more than 10mmHg

ACE inhibitors typically end in -pril (ex: captopril, lisinopril). Remember the key side effects: hypotension, A=Angioedema, C=Cough, E=Elevated potassium)

ACE Inhibitors

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

ACE inhibitors typically end in -pril. Remember the key side effects.

ACE Inhibitors

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

ACE inhibitors typically end in -pril. Remember the key side effects.

Patients with asthma should monitor their airway with a peak flow meter. This device can detect airway narrowing BEFORE the onset of symptoms.

Lung capacity measurement

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Patients with asthma should monitor their airway with a peak flow meter. 

Lung capacity measurement

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Patients with asthma should monitor their airway with a peak flow meter. 

Amitriptyline

Amitriptyline

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Amitriptyline is a Tricyclic Antidepressant. "Amy tripped over a tricycle in the desert". Desert helps you remember anticholinergic side effects (urinary retention, constipation, dry mouth, blurry vision, photophobia, tachycardia)

Amitriptyline

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Amitriptyline is a Tricyclic Antidepressant. "Amy tripped over a tricycle in the desert". Desert helps you remember anticholinergic side effects (urinary retention, constipation, dry mouth, blurry vision, photophobia, tachycardia)

For enteral feeding tubes (Nasogastric tubes, G-tubes): Flush tubing with 15-30ml of water before, after, and in between medications

Enteral feeding tubes

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

For enteral feeding tubes, flush tubing with 15-30ml of water before, after, and in between medications

Enteral feeding tubes

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

For enteral feeding tubes, flush tubing with 15-30ml of water before, after, and in between medications

 A person who gets medroxyprogesterone (Depo-Provera) shots for contraception needs to increase their intake of Calcium and Vitamin D because a key side effect of this medication is decreased bone density!

Depo-Provera Side Effect

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

 A person who gets medroxyprogesterone (Depo-Provera) shots for contraception needs to increase their intake of Calcium and Vitamin D because a key side effect of this medication is decreased bone density!

Depo-Provera Side Effect

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

 A person who gets medroxyprogesterone (Depo-Provera) shots for contraception needs to increase their intake of Calcium and Vitamin D because a key side effect of this medication is decreased bone density!

Assault vs. Battery: Remember A before B! Assault is threatening a patient, Battery is following through with that threat.

Assault versus Battery

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Assault vs. Battery Remember A before B! Assault is threatening a patient, Battery is following through with that threat.

Assault versus Battery

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Assault vs. Battery Remember A before B! Assault is threatening a patient, Battery is following through with that threat.

Baclofen is a centrally acting muscle relaxant. If you pull out your BACK, you might need BAClofen.

Baclofen

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Baclofen is a centrally acting muscle relaxant. If you pull out your BACK, you might need BAClofen.

Baclofen

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Baclofen is a centrally acting muscle relaxant. If you pull out your BACK, you might need BAClofen.

Infants should DOUBLE their birthweight by 6 months, and TRIPLE their birthweight by 1 year.

Infant weight gain

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Infants should DOUBLE their birthweight by 6 months, and TRIPLE their birthweight by 1 year.

Infant weight gain

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Infants should DOUBLE their birthweight by 6 months, and TRIPLE their birthweight by 1 year.

ANTACIDS: Take 1 hr and 3 hr after meals, and at bedtime. Also take 1 hour before or after other medications (not WITH other medications)

When to take Antacids

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

ANTACIDS: Take 1 hr and 3 hr after meals, and at bedtime. Also take 1 hour before or after other medications (not WITH other medications)

When to take Antacids

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

ANTACIDS: Take 1 hr and 3 hr after meals, and at bedtime. Also take 1 hour before or after other medications (not WITH other medications)

After a tonsillectomy, monitor for frequent swallowing or throat clearing - this may indicate bleeding at the incision site!  Family teaching after a tonsillectomy: no red liquids, straws, spicy, hot, or crispy/coarse foods.

Indications of Bleeding After a Tonsillectomy

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

After a tonsillectomy, monitor for frequent swallowing or clearing of the throat. This can indicate bleeding at the incision site!

Indications of Bleeding After a Tonsillectomy

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

After a tonsillectomy, monitor for frequent swallowing or clearing of the throat. This can indicate bleeding at the incision site!

ADHD medications (e.g. methylphenidate and amphetamine mixtures) cause decreased appetite and weight loss in children.  Key Nursing Intervention: Monitor child's weight during therapy!

ADHD Medication and Children's Weight

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

ADHD medications cause decreased appetite and weight loss in children.

ADHD Medication and Children's Weight

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

ADHD medications cause decreased appetite and weight loss in children.

A patient with borderline personality disorder: Exhibits SPLITTING behavior (i.e. characterizes people/things as ALL good or ALL bad). Engages in impulsive behavior. Is at high risk for self-harm! Provide for patient safety.

Splitting Behavior

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

A patient with borderline personality disorder exhibits SPLITTING behavior, engages in impulsive behavior, and is at high risk for self-harm.

Splitting Behavior

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

A patient with borderline personality disorder exhibits SPLITTING behavior, engages in impulsive behavior, and is at high risk for self-harm.

Antisocial personality

Antisocial personality

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

An antisocial personality disorder does NOT mean an individual doesn't like to be around people. 

Antisocial personality

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

An antisocial personality disorder does NOT mean an individual doesn't like to be around people. 

Diagnosis of meningitis is done by analyzing the patient's CSF (cerebrospinal fluid).  Bacterial meningitis: CSF is cloudy with ↓ glucose. Viral meningitis: CSF is clear and glucose levels are typically normal.

Meningitis diagnosis

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Diagnosis of meningitis is done by analyzing the patient's CSF (cerebrospinal fluid).

Meningitis diagnosis

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Diagnosis of meningitis is done by analyzing the patient's CSF (cerebrospinal fluid).

Tooth eruption typically begins around 6 months of age. You can calculate the child's estimated age by the number of teeth they have!  The age of the child in months - 6 equals the approximate total number of teeth (up to age 24 months).

Tooth Eruption

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Tooth eruption typically begins around 6 months of age. You can calculate the child's estimated age by the number of teeth they have!

1 comment

Tooth Eruption

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Tooth eruption typically begins around 6 months of age. You can calculate the child's estimated age by the number of teeth they have!

1 comment
When mixing insulin, remember CLEAR before CLOUDY. Inject air in longer-acting insulin, then inject air in shorter-acting insulin. Without withdrawing needle, draw up shorter-acting insulin, then draw up longer-acting insulin.

Mixing insulin

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

When mixing insulin, remember CLEAR before CLOUDY. Inject air in the longer-acting insulin (NPH), then inject air in the shorter-acting insulin (regular). Without withdrawing needle, draw up shorter-acting insulin, then draw...

Mixing insulin

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

When mixing insulin, remember CLEAR before CLOUDY. Inject air in the longer-acting insulin (NPH), then inject air in the shorter-acting insulin (regular). Without withdrawing needle, draw up shorter-acting insulin, then draw...

Nursing care for the child with cystic fibrosis includes encouraging PO fluid intake, eating a high-fat and high-calorie diet, and administering pancreatic enzymes (pancrealipase) with meals and snacks.

Cystic Fibrosis

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Nursing care for the child with cystic fibrosis

1 comment

Cystic Fibrosis

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Nursing care for the child with cystic fibrosis

1 comment
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) - LevelUpRN

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Risk factors for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Risk factors for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) - LevelUpRN

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) is a congenital heart defect where the fetal ductus arteriosus fails to close.

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) is a congenital heart defect where the fetal ductus arteriosus fails to close.

A child indicates readiness for toilet training when they: Recognize and communicate the need to eliminate; Wake up dry from nap/bedtime; Stay dry for 2 hours during the day

Toilet Training

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Signs that a child is ready for toilet training.

Toilet Training

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Signs that a child is ready for toilet training.

HF stands for Heart Failure. To help you remember the symptoms of the different kinds of HF, remember  Left is Lungs, Right is Rest of the Body!

Heart Failure

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

HF stands for Heart Failure.

Heart Failure

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

HF stands for Heart Failure.