Microbiology (34)
Foundations
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Microbiology, part 8: Foundations - Differential Staining Techniques
Cathy ParkesDifferential staining techniques, including: gram, acid fast, capsule, and endospore stains. The general steps for each of these staining procedures, how to interpret the results, and why those results occur.
Microbiology, part 8: Foundations - Differential Staining Techniques
Cathy ParkesDifferential staining techniques, including: gram, acid fast, capsule, and endospore stains. The general steps for each of these staining procedures, how to interpret the results, and why those results occur.
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Microbiology, part 7: Foundations - Dyes & Stains
Cathy ParkesCommon dyes and stains used in Microbiology. How a specimen is prepared for light microscopy using wet mount or fixation (heat or chemical). The difference between basic vs acidic dye. The...
Microbiology, part 7: Foundations - Dyes & Stains
Cathy ParkesCommon dyes and stains used in Microbiology. How a specimen is prepared for light microscopy using wet mount or fixation (heat or chemical). The difference between basic vs acidic dye. The...
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Microbiology, part 6: Foundations - Review of Microscopes
Cathy ParkesReview of the different types of microscopes used in microbiology, including: darkfield, phase contrast, differential interference contrast, fluorescence, confocal, electron, and scanning probe.
Microbiology, part 6: Foundations - Review of Microscopes
Cathy ParkesReview of the different types of microscopes used in microbiology, including: darkfield, phase contrast, differential interference contrast, fluorescence, confocal, electron, and scanning probe.
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Microbiology, part 5: Foundations - Microscope Terminology & Brightfield Microscope
Cathy ParkesRefraction, refractive index, lens, focal point, magnification, resolution, numerical aperture, contrast, and oil immersion lens. Plus, key parts of a Brightfield microscope, including: illuminator, diaphragm, stage, condenser vs. objective vs....
Microbiology, part 5: Foundations - Microscope Terminology & Brightfield Microscope
Cathy ParkesRefraction, refractive index, lens, focal point, magnification, resolution, numerical aperture, contrast, and oil immersion lens. Plus, key parts of a Brightfield microscope, including: illuminator, diaphragm, stage, condenser vs. objective vs....
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Microbiology, part 4: Foundations - Chemistry Review - Macromolecules
Cathy ParkesMacromolecules overview: Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, & nucleic acids. Proteins' role/structure; amino acid structure. Carbohydrates' role/structure; the difference between mono-, di-, and polysaccharides. Lipids' role; key types: saturated vs. unsaturated fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, & sterols. Nucleic...
Microbiology, part 4: Foundations - Chemistry Review - Macromolecules
Cathy ParkesMacromolecules overview: Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, & nucleic acids. Proteins' role/structure; amino acid structure. Carbohydrates' role/structure; the difference between mono-, di-, and polysaccharides. Lipids' role; key types: saturated vs. unsaturated fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, & sterols. Nucleic...
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Microbiology, part 3: Foundations - Chemistry Review - Atoms, Chemical Bonds, Water, pH
Cathy ParkesA quick review of chemistry topics that are important to know for microbiology. This includes parts of an atom (proton, electron, neutron), electronegativity, ions (cations and anions), chemical bonds (nonpolar...
Microbiology, part 3: Foundations - Chemistry Review - Atoms, Chemical Bonds, Water, pH
Cathy ParkesA quick review of chemistry topics that are important to know for microbiology. This includes parts of an atom (proton, electron, neutron), electronegativity, ions (cations and anions), chemical bonds (nonpolar...
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Microbiology, part 2: Foundations - Overview of Microorganisms
Cathy ParkesThe three domain system used to classify organisms and the key differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. An overview of the following microorganisms: bacteria, archaea, protozoa, algae, parasites, fungi, and viruses.
Microbiology, part 2: Foundations - Overview of Microorganisms
Cathy ParkesThe three domain system used to classify organisms and the key differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. An overview of the following microorganisms: bacteria, archaea, protozoa, algae, parasites, fungi, and viruses.
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Microbiology, part 1: Foundations - History of Microbiology
Cathy ParkesKey people and concepts from the history of microbiology that you will likely need to know for your microbiology exam. This includes: Robert Hooke, cell theory, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, spontaneous...
Microbiology, part 1: Foundations - History of Microbiology
Cathy ParkesKey people and concepts from the history of microbiology that you will likely need to know for your microbiology exam. This includes: Robert Hooke, cell theory, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, spontaneous...
Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes
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Microbiology, part 16: Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes - Membrane Transport
Cathy ParkesMembrane transport. This includes a comparison of passive transport and active transport. Three types of passive transport: simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis. Effect of different osmotic solutions (hypertonic, isotonic,...
Microbiology, part 16: Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes - Membrane Transport
Cathy ParkesMembrane transport. This includes a comparison of passive transport and active transport. Three types of passive transport: simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis. Effect of different osmotic solutions (hypertonic, isotonic,...
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Microbiology, part 15: Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes - Endosymbiotic Theory
Cathy ParkesThe endosymbiotic theory, including key pieces of evidence that support the endosymbiotic theory.
Microbiology, part 15: Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes - Endosymbiotic Theory
Cathy ParkesThe endosymbiotic theory, including key pieces of evidence that support the endosymbiotic theory.
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Microbiology, part 14: Eukaryotes - Plasma Membrane, Cell Wall, ECM, Flagella, & Cilia
Cathy ParkesDiscussion of the eukaryotic cells. Overview of the plasma membrane, cell wall, extracellular matrix, flagella, and cilia in eukaryotes.
Microbiology, part 14: Eukaryotes - Plasma Membrane, Cell Wall, ECM, Flagella, & Cilia
Cathy ParkesDiscussion of the eukaryotic cells. Overview of the plasma membrane, cell wall, extracellular matrix, flagella, and cilia in eukaryotes.
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Microbiology, part 13: Eukaryotes - Structures Inside the Plasma Membrane
Cathy ParkesA review of structures found inside the plasma membrane of the eukaryotic cell. This includes the nucleus, cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, centrosomes, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, vacuoles, lysosomes, peroxisomes, mitochondria, and...
Microbiology, part 13: Eukaryotes - Structures Inside the Plasma Membrane
Cathy ParkesA review of structures found inside the plasma membrane of the eukaryotic cell. This includes the nucleus, cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, centrosomes, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, vacuoles, lysosomes, peroxisomes, mitochondria, and...
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Microbiology, part 12: Prokaryotes - Glycocalyx, Fimbriae & Pili, & Flagella
Cathy ParkesThe structures found outside the cell wall in prokaryotic cells, including the glycocalyx, fimbriae, pili, & flagella. Structure of a flagellum, arrangements of flagella (e.g., atrichous, monotrichous, amphitrichous, lophotrichous, peritrichous),...
Microbiology, part 12: Prokaryotes - Glycocalyx, Fimbriae & Pili, & Flagella
Cathy ParkesThe structures found outside the cell wall in prokaryotic cells, including the glycocalyx, fimbriae, pili, & flagella. Structure of a flagellum, arrangements of flagella (e.g., atrichous, monotrichous, amphitrichous, lophotrichous, peritrichous),...
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Microbiology, part 11: Prokaryotes - Plasma Membrane & Cell Wall
Cathy ParkesThe plasma membrane and cell wall in a prokaryote cell. The phospholipid bilayer, selective permeability, the "fluid mosaic model", embedded proteins (transmembrane proteins and peripheral proteins), glycoproteins and glycolipids. Components...
Microbiology, part 11: Prokaryotes - Plasma Membrane & Cell Wall
Cathy ParkesThe plasma membrane and cell wall in a prokaryote cell. The phospholipid bilayer, selective permeability, the "fluid mosaic model", embedded proteins (transmembrane proteins and peripheral proteins), glycoproteins and glycolipids. Components...
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Microbiology, part 10: Prokaryotes - Structures Inside the Plasma Membrane
Cathy ParkesStructures found inside the plasma membrane of the prokaryotic cell. This includes the cytoplasm, cytosol, nucleoid, plasmids, ribosomes, and inclusions. Endospores, vegetative cells, sporulation, and germination.
Microbiology, part 10: Prokaryotes - Structures Inside the Plasma Membrane
Cathy ParkesStructures found inside the plasma membrane of the prokaryotic cell. This includes the cytoplasm, cytosol, nucleoid, plasmids, ribosomes, and inclusions. Endospores, vegetative cells, sporulation, and germination.
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Microbiology, part 9: Prokaryotes - Shapes & Arrangements
Cathy ParkesDifferent types of prokaryote cell shapes (coccus, bacillus, coccobacillus, vibrio, spirillum, spirochete). Different cocci arrangements (diplococci, streptococci, tetrads, sarcinae, and staphylococci) and bacilli arrangements (diplobacilli, streptobacilli, palisades).
Microbiology, part 9: Prokaryotes - Shapes & Arrangements
Cathy ParkesDifferent types of prokaryote cell shapes (coccus, bacillus, coccobacillus, vibrio, spirillum, spirochete). Different cocci arrangements (diplococci, streptococci, tetrads, sarcinae, and staphylococci) and bacilli arrangements (diplobacilli, streptobacilli, palisades).
Metabolism
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Microbiology, part 25: Metabolism - Biogeochemical Cycles
Cathy ParkesBiogeochemical cycles, including the carbon cycle, the nitrogen cycle, the sulfur cycle, and the phosphorus cycle.
Microbiology, part 25: Metabolism - Biogeochemical Cycles
Cathy ParkesBiogeochemical cycles, including the carbon cycle, the nitrogen cycle, the sulfur cycle, and the phosphorus cycle.
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Microbiology, part 24: Metabolism - Photosynthesis
Cathy ParkesA high level overview of photosynthesis, including light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions (i.e., Calvin Cycle). Photophosphorylation and the difference between oxygenic photosynthesis and anoxygenic photosynthesis.
Microbiology, part 24: Metabolism - Photosynthesis
Cathy ParkesA high level overview of photosynthesis, including light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions (i.e., Calvin Cycle). Photophosphorylation and the difference between oxygenic photosynthesis and anoxygenic photosynthesis.
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Microbiology, part 23: Metabolism - Lipid & Protein Catabolism
Cathy ParkesLipid catabolism and protein catabolism, including the key enzymes that break down lipids and proteins.
Microbiology, part 23: Metabolism - Lipid & Protein Catabolism
Cathy ParkesLipid catabolism and protein catabolism, including the key enzymes that break down lipids and proteins.
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Microbiology, part 22: Metabolism - Fermentation
Cathy ParkesFermentation, including lactic acid fermentation and alcohol fermentation. Difference between fermentation and anaerobic respiration.
Microbiology, part 22: Metabolism - Fermentation
Cathy ParkesFermentation, including lactic acid fermentation and alcohol fermentation. Difference between fermentation and anaerobic respiration.
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Microbiology, part 21: Metabolism - Cellular Respiration - Citric Acid Cycle & Oxidative Phosphorylation
Cathy ParkesCellular respiration, focusing on the citric acid cycle (i.e., Krebs cycle) and oxidative phosphorylation. Inputs and outputs for the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain. Chemiosmosis, and the...
Microbiology, part 21: Metabolism - Cellular Respiration - Citric Acid Cycle & Oxidative Phosphorylation
Cathy ParkesCellular respiration, focusing on the citric acid cycle (i.e., Krebs cycle) and oxidative phosphorylation. Inputs and outputs for the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain. Chemiosmosis, and the...
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Microbiology, part 20: Metabolism - Cellular Respiration - Glycolysis & Transition Reaction
Cathy ParkesCellular respiration. Aerobic respiration vs anaerobic respiration. Steps involved in glycolysis and the transition reaction (i.e., bridge reaction).
Microbiology, part 20: Metabolism - Cellular Respiration - Glycolysis & Transition Reaction
Cathy ParkesCellular respiration. Aerobic respiration vs anaerobic respiration. Steps involved in glycolysis and the transition reaction (i.e., bridge reaction).
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Microbiology, part 19: Metabolism - Carbon and Energy Source
Cathy ParkesHow to classify organisms based on their carbon source and energy source. Phototrophs vs. Chemotrophs, and autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs. Photoautotrophs, photoheterotrophs, chemoautotrophs, and chemoheterotrophs.
Microbiology, part 19: Metabolism - Carbon and Energy Source
Cathy ParkesHow to classify organisms based on their carbon source and energy source. Phototrophs vs. Chemotrophs, and autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs. Photoautotrophs, photoheterotrophs, chemoautotrophs, and chemoheterotrophs.
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Microbiology, part 18: Metabolism - Enzymes
Cathy ParkesEnzymes. How an enzyme is a catalyst that lowers the activation energy in chemical reactions. Factors that affect enzyme activity, including pH, temperature, and substrate concentration. Structure of an enzyme,...
Microbiology, part 18: Metabolism - Enzymes
Cathy ParkesEnzymes. How an enzyme is a catalyst that lowers the activation energy in chemical reactions. Factors that affect enzyme activity, including pH, temperature, and substrate concentration. Structure of an enzyme,...
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Microbiology, part 17: Metabolism - Chemical Reactions & Energy Carriers
Cathy ParkesMicrobial metabolism. Chemical reactions, the components of a chemical reaction (reactants, products), and the types of chemical reactions (synthesis reaction, decomposition reaction, single replacement reaction, double replacement reaction, reversible reaction)....
Microbiology, part 17: Metabolism - Chemical Reactions & Energy Carriers
Cathy ParkesMicrobial metabolism. Chemical reactions, the components of a chemical reaction (reactants, products), and the types of chemical reactions (synthesis reaction, decomposition reaction, single replacement reaction, double replacement reaction, reversible reaction)....
Growth
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Microbiology, part 31: Growth - Culture Media
Cathy ParkesCulture media. Difference between chemically defined media, complex media, selective media, differential media, and enrichment media.
Microbiology, part 31: Growth - Culture Media
Cathy ParkesCulture media. Difference between chemically defined media, complex media, selective media, differential media, and enrichment media.
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Microbiology, part 30: Growth - Microbial Growth Requirements
Cathy ParkesRequirements for microbial growth. Oxygen requirements and the difference between obligate aerobes, obligate anaerobes, facultative anaerobes, aerotolerant anaerobes, microaerophiles, and capnophiles. Temperature requirements and the difference between mesophiles, psychrotrophs, psychrophiles,...
Microbiology, part 30: Growth - Microbial Growth Requirements
Cathy ParkesRequirements for microbial growth. Oxygen requirements and the difference between obligate aerobes, obligate anaerobes, facultative anaerobes, aerotolerant anaerobes, microaerophiles, and capnophiles. Temperature requirements and the difference between mesophiles, psychrotrophs, psychrophiles,...
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Microbiology, part 29: Growth - Biofilms & Quorum Sensing
Cathy ParkesBiofilms, including what a biofilm is, how biofilms form, and key characteristics of biofilms. Quorum sensing, including what quorum sensing is and how it works.
Microbiology, part 29: Growth - Biofilms & Quorum Sensing
Cathy ParkesBiofilms, including what a biofilm is, how biofilms form, and key characteristics of biofilms. Quorum sensing, including what quorum sensing is and how it works.
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Microbiology, part 28: Growth - Measurement of Bacterial Growth
Cathy ParkesDirect methods of measuring bacterial growth, including a direct cell count, plate count, membrane filtration, and the Most Probable Number method (MPN method). Steps involved in serial dilution in preparation...
Microbiology, part 28: Growth - Measurement of Bacterial Growth
Cathy ParkesDirect methods of measuring bacterial growth, including a direct cell count, plate count, membrane filtration, and the Most Probable Number method (MPN method). Steps involved in serial dilution in preparation...
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Microbiology, part 27: Growth - Plating Methods
Cathy ParkesPlating methods, including the pour plate method and spread plate method. Basic steps involved in each method and what kind of bacteria can be grown using each method.
Microbiology, part 27: Growth - Plating Methods
Cathy ParkesPlating methods, including the pour plate method and spread plate method. Basic steps involved in each method and what kind of bacteria can be grown using each method.
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Microbiology, part 26: Growth - Binary Fission & Bacterial Growth
Cathy ParkesBinary fission, including the steps involved in binary fission. "generation time" or "doubling time", and the different bacterial growth curve phases. This includes the lag phase, log phase, stationary phase,...
Microbiology, part 26: Growth - Binary Fission & Bacterial Growth
Cathy ParkesBinary fission, including the steps involved in binary fission. "generation time" or "doubling time", and the different bacterial growth curve phases. This includes the lag phase, log phase, stationary phase,...
Genetics
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Microbiology, part 34: Genetics - Transcription
Cathy ParkesTranscription; the steps involved in transcription, including initiation, elongation, and termination. Key differences in transcription between a prokaryotic cells and a eukaryotic cell; key processing steps that a primary transcript...
Microbiology, part 34: Genetics - Transcription
Cathy ParkesTranscription; the steps involved in transcription, including initiation, elongation, and termination. Key differences in transcription between a prokaryotic cells and a eukaryotic cell; key processing steps that a primary transcript...
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Microbiology, part 33: Genetics - DNA Replication
Cathy ParkesDNA replication in a prokaryotic cell; semiconservative replication and the steps involved in semiconservative replication (i.e., initiation, elongation, and termination). The various enzymes involved in the replication process (e.g., gyrase,...
Microbiology, part 33: Genetics - DNA Replication
Cathy ParkesDNA replication in a prokaryotic cell; semiconservative replication and the steps involved in semiconservative replication (i.e., initiation, elongation, and termination). The various enzymes involved in the replication process (e.g., gyrase,...
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Microbiology, part 32: Genetics - Nucleotides & DNA Structure
Cathy ParkesThe structure of a nucleotide, including a 5-carbon sugar molecule, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base. The structure of DNA, including a description of the sugar-phosphate backbone, double helix, and base...
Microbiology, part 32: Genetics - Nucleotides & DNA Structure
Cathy ParkesThe structure of a nucleotide, including a 5-carbon sugar molecule, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base. The structure of DNA, including a description of the sugar-phosphate backbone, double helix, and base...
