Nursing Tips

Pediatric Nursing (78)

A child who presents with an abnormal tuft of hair, a dimple, or a birthmark on the spine should be evaluated for spina bifida occulta, a form of spina bifida. Report these findings to the provider.

Spina Bifida Occulta

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

A child who presents with an abnormal tuft of hair, a dimple, or a birthmark on the spine should be evaluated for spina bifida occulta, a form of spina bifida....

Spina Bifida Occulta

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

A child who presents with an abnormal tuft of hair, a dimple, or a birthmark on the spine should be evaluated for spina bifida occulta, a form of spina bifida....

A child who appears to be frequently "day dreaming" or often exhibits blank staring, eye fluttering, lip smacking, or picking at clothes should be evaluated for absence seizures.

Absence Seizures: Signs and Symptoms

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

A child who appears to be frequently "day dreaming" or often exhibits blank staring, eye fluttering, lip smacking, or picking at clothes should be evaluated for absence seizures.

Absence Seizures: Signs and Symptoms

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

A child who appears to be frequently "day dreaming" or often exhibits blank staring, eye fluttering, lip smacking, or picking at clothes should be evaluated for absence seizures.

A child demonstrating oliguria, cola-colored urine, and signs/symptoms of hypervolemia following a recent streptococcal infection (strep throat) should be evaluated for Acute Glomerulonephritis. Restrict fluids, sodium, and protein.

Acute Glomerulonephritis: Signs and Symptoms

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

A child demonstrating oliguria, cola-colored urine, and signs/symptoms of hypervolemia following a recent streptococcal infection (strep throat) should be evaluated for Acute Glomerulonephritis.

Acute Glomerulonephritis: Signs and Symptoms

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

A child demonstrating oliguria, cola-colored urine, and signs/symptoms of hypervolemia following a recent streptococcal infection (strep throat) should be evaluated for Acute Glomerulonephritis.

KEY symptoms of Coarctation of the Aorta: elevated BP and bounding pulses in the arms, decreased BP and pulses in the legs.

Key Symptoms of Coarctation of the Aorta

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

KEY symptoms of Coarctation of the Aorta: elevated BP and bounding pulses in the arms, decreased BP and pulses in the legs.

Key Symptoms of Coarctation of the Aorta

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

KEY symptoms of Coarctation of the Aorta: elevated BP and bounding pulses in the arms, decreased BP and pulses in the legs.

KEY symptoms of a Patent Ductus Arteriosus: machine-hum murmur, bounding pulses, and wide pulse pressure.

Key Symptoms of a Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

KEY symptoms of a Patent Ductus Arteriosus: machine-hum murmur, bounding pulses, and wide pulse pressure.

Key Symptoms of a Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

KEY symptoms of a Patent Ductus Arteriosus: machine-hum murmur, bounding pulses, and wide pulse pressure.

Signs/Symptoms of Autism

Signs and Symptoms of Autism

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Key signs/symptoms of Autism: Lack of eye contact Repetitive motions/actions Delayed speech and language skills Strict adherence to routines Unusual eating or sleeping habits Digestive problems.

Signs and Symptoms of Autism

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Key signs/symptoms of Autism: Lack of eye contact Repetitive motions/actions Delayed speech and language skills Strict adherence to routines Unusual eating or sleeping habits Digestive problems.

Immunizations in first 6 months

Immunizations in first 6 months

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

IMMUNIZATIONS IN FIRST 6  MONTHS Birth = "B" Hep B 2 Months = "B. Dr. HIP" Hep B, DTAP, RV, Hib, IPV, PCV 4 months = "Dr. HIP" DTAP, RV,...

Immunizations in first 6 months

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

IMMUNIZATIONS IN FIRST 6  MONTHS Birth = "B" Hep B 2 Months = "B. Dr. HIP" Hep B, DTAP, RV, Hib, IPV, PCV 4 months = "Dr. HIP" DTAP, RV,...

In toddlers, parallel play is expected.  Parallel play means that children play independently NEXT to other children. Toddlers do not typically engage in cooperative play.

Parallel Play in Children

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

In toddlers, parallel play is expected. Parallel play means that children play independently NEXT to other children.

Parallel Play in Children

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

In toddlers, parallel play is expected. Parallel play means that children play independently NEXT to other children.

A child who is crying without producing tears should be evaluated for severe dehydration.  In this case a child may also have deeply sunken eyes, little to no urine output, have lost > 10% of their body weight, and could have capillary refill > 4 seconds.

Severe Dehydration in Children

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

A child who is crying without producing tears should be evaluated for severe dehydration.

Severe Dehydration in Children

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

A child who is crying without producing tears should be evaluated for severe dehydration.

For intramuscular injections under 1 year old, use vastus lateralis muscle!

Injections for infants

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

For intramuscular injections under 1 year old, use vastus lateralis muscle!

Injections for infants

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

For intramuscular injections under 1 year old, use vastus lateralis muscle!

Giving Medication to Children - LevelUpRN

Giving Medication to Children

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Educate families that when giving medication to children, they must use a calibrated device

Giving Medication to Children

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Educate families that when giving medication to children, they must use a calibrated device

Early signs of increased ICP in infants:  Irritability, high-pitched cry, poor feeding, bulging fontanels, separation of cranial sutures “setting-sun” phenomenon.

Early Signs of Increased ICP in Infants

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Early signs of increased ICP in infants: irritability, high-pitched cry, poor feeding, “setting-sun” phenomenon, bulging fontanels, separation of cranial sutures.

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Early Signs of Increased ICP in Infants

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Early signs of increased ICP in infants: irritability, high-pitched cry, poor feeding, “setting-sun” phenomenon, bulging fontanels, separation of cranial sutures.

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Crib safety: Place infants on BACK to sleep. Do not place anything in the crib with the baby. Ensure crib slats are ≤ 2 3/8 inches apart. Babies who sleep on their backs are much less likely to die of SIDS than babies who sleep on their stomachs or sides!

Crib Safety

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Crib safety: Infants on back to sleep, nothing in crib, and width of crib slats

Crib Safety

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Crib safety: Infants on back to sleep, nothing in crib, and width of crib slats

2 key beliefs of preschoolers:  (1) Magical thinking: Thoughts can cause events to occur. (2) Animism: Inanimate objects are alive.

Key Beliefs of Preschoolers

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

2 Key beliefs of preschoolers: (1) Magical thinking: thoughts can cause events to occur, and (2) Animism: inanimate objects are alive.

Key Beliefs of Preschoolers

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

2 Key beliefs of preschoolers: (1) Magical thinking: thoughts can cause events to occur, and (2) Animism: inanimate objects are alive.

Infants should DOUBLE their birthweight by 6 months, and TRIPLE their birthweight by 1 year.

Infant weight gain

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Infants should DOUBLE their birthweight by 6 months, and TRIPLE their birthweight by 1 year.

Infant weight gain

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Infants should DOUBLE their birthweight by 6 months, and TRIPLE their birthweight by 1 year.

After a tonsillectomy, monitor for frequent swallowing or throat clearing - this may indicate bleeding at the incision site!  Family teaching after a tonsillectomy: no red liquids, straws, spicy, hot, or crispy/coarse foods.

Indications of Bleeding After a Tonsillectomy

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

After a tonsillectomy, monitor for frequent swallowing or clearing of the throat. This can indicate bleeding at the incision site!

Indications of Bleeding After a Tonsillectomy

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

After a tonsillectomy, monitor for frequent swallowing or clearing of the throat. This can indicate bleeding at the incision site!

Tooth eruption typically begins around 6 months of age. You can calculate the child's estimated age by the number of teeth they have!  The age of the child in months - 6 equals the approximate total number of teeth (up to age 24 months).

Tooth Eruption

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Tooth eruption typically begins around 6 months of age. You can calculate the child's estimated age by the number of teeth they have!

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Tooth Eruption

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Tooth eruption typically begins around 6 months of age. You can calculate the child's estimated age by the number of teeth they have!

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Nursing care for the child with cystic fibrosis includes encouraging PO fluid intake, eating a high-fat and high-calorie diet, and administering pancreatic enzymes (pancrealipase) with meals and snacks.

Cystic Fibrosis

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Nursing care for the child with cystic fibrosis

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Cystic Fibrosis

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Nursing care for the child with cystic fibrosis

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Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) - LevelUpRN

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Risk factors for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Risk factors for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) - LevelUpRN

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) is a congenital heart defect where the fetal ductus arteriosus fails to close.

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) is a congenital heart defect where the fetal ductus arteriosus fails to close.

A child indicates readiness for toilet training when they: Recognize and communicate the need to eliminate; Wake up dry from nap/bedtime; Stay dry for 2 hours during the day

Toilet Training

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Signs that a child is ready for toilet training.

Toilet Training

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Signs that a child is ready for toilet training.

A child's posterior fontanelle closes between 6-8 weeks. The anterior fontanelle closes between 12-18 months. Hint: A baby starts on its back first then her front later

Fontanelle Closures

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

A child's posterior fontanelle closes first, then the anterior fontanelle closes.

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Fontanelle Closures

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

A child's posterior fontanelle closes first, then the anterior fontanelle closes.

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When assessing a child's pain, be sure to use an age-appropriate pain scale, such as CRIES, FLACC for infants, FACES beginning at age 3 or numeric scales after age 8.

Pediatric Pain Scales

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

When assessing a child's pain, be sure to use an age-appropriate pain scale.

Pediatric Pain Scales

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

When assessing a child's pain, be sure to use an age-appropriate pain scale.

Signs of physical abuse: multiple injuries in various stages of healing, spiral fractures, and injury that doesn't match the story. Always report ANY suspicion of abuse!

Signs of Physical Abuse

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Signs of physical abuse. Always report ANY suspicion of abuse!

Signs of Physical Abuse

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Signs of physical abuse. Always report ANY suspicion of abuse!

Nursing Tips - Signs of Child Neglect

Signs of Child Neglect

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Signs of child neglect: poor hygiene, inappropriate dress (for weather), malnourishment, withdrawal, school absences.

Signs of Child Neglect

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Signs of child neglect: poor hygiene, inappropriate dress (for weather), malnourishment, withdrawal, school absences.

Major Risk Factor for Rheumatic Fever

Major Risk Factor for Rheumatic Fever

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Major risk factor for rheumatic fever: untreated or partially treated upper respiratory infection with Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS).

Major Risk Factor for Rheumatic Fever

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Major risk factor for rheumatic fever: untreated or partially treated upper respiratory infection with Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS).

What to Do if You Suspect Epiglottitis

What to Do if You Suspect Epiglottitis

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

If you suspect that a patient has epiglottitis, DO NOT take a throat culture or place a tongue blade in the patient's mouth!

What to Do if You Suspect Epiglottitis

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

If you suspect that a patient has epiglottitis, DO NOT take a throat culture or place a tongue blade in the patient's mouth!

Major Risk Factor for Reye's Syndrome

Major Risk Factor for Reye's Syndrome

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Major risk factor for Reye's syndrome: Use of aspirin to treat fever associated with a viral infection.

Major Risk Factor for Reye's Syndrome

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Major risk factor for Reye's syndrome: Use of aspirin to treat fever associated with a viral infection.

Signs of abuse in children

Signs of abuse in children

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Signs of abuse in children: bruising in unusual locations (bruising on arms/legs expected!), bruising in different stages of healing, forearm spiral fractures.

Signs of abuse in children

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

Signs of abuse in children: bruising in unusual locations (bruising on arms/legs expected!), bruising in different stages of healing, forearm spiral fractures.

Choking hazard foods

Choking hazard foods

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

The following foods pose a choking hazard for small children: popcorn, raisins, peanuts, grapes, raw carrots, hotdogs, celery, peanut butter, candy, tough meat.

Choking hazard foods

Cathy Parkes RN, BSN, PHN, CWCN

The following foods pose a choking hazard for small children: popcorn, raisins, peanuts, grapes, raw carrots, hotdogs, celery, peanut butter, candy, tough meat.